What rights does a buyer have if the seller fails to deliver conforming goods?

When a seller fails to deliver conforming goods, the buyer is afforded several rights under commercial law, specifically under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), which governs such transactions. The correct answer indicates that the buyer has the flexibility to either reject the non-conforming goods, accept them as delivered, or seek damages for breach of contract.

Rejecting the goods is a valid option because a buyer is not obligated to accept items that do not meet the specifications outlined in the contract. Acceptance is also an option; the buyer can choose to accept the goods even if they are non-conforming, often depending on the context and whether the defects can be cured or are acceptable. Finally, seeking damages allows the buyer to recover losses incurred due to the seller's failure to meet the terms of the sale. This multifaceted approach provides the buyer with various tools to address the issue and promotes fairness in commercial transactions.

The other options misconstrue the buyer's rights. For instance, demanding a substitute item of higher value is not a standard recourse as the seller is not obligated to provide an upgrade or replacement unless this was previously agreed upon. The requirement to pay for all unpaid goods holds true generally, but it does not consider the context of non-conforming goods,